Best practice for using assert?

  1. Is there a performance or code maintenance issue with using assert as part of the standard code instead of using it just for debugging purposes?

    Is

    assert x >= 0, 'x is less than zero'
    

    better or worse than

    if x < 0:
        raise Exception('x is less than zero')
    
  2. Also, is there any way to set a business rule like if x < 0 raise error that is always checked without the try/except/finally so, if at anytime throughout the code x is less than 0 an error is raised, like if you set assert x < 0 at the start of a function, anywhere within the function where x becomes less then 0 an exception is raised?

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